If there were an award for the historical monograph with the cleverest title, Fascist Pigs might win, but this book delivers much more than a clever title. Relying on an impressive range and depth of sources, marshaling a thought-provoking argument, and using lively prose, Tiago Saraiva’s comparative study of plant and animal breeding in Fascist Italy, National Socialist Germany, and “New State” Portugal illuminates our understanding of the history of fascism and the history of science in the twentieth century. The overall conclusion is that if we look seriously at the policies and programs of these regimes, we discover that they were deploying science to advance their goals as an “alternative modernity.” Modern agricultural science was constitutive of fascism.