Hallowed Lords of the Sea: Scientific Authority and Radioactive Waste in the United States, Britain, and France (2006)
Hamblin, Jacob Darwin (Author)
Osiris: A Research Journal Devoted to the History of Science and Its Cultural Influences
Volume: 21
Pages: 209--228
Publication date: 2006
Language: English
Edition Details: Volume title: Global Power Knowledge: Science and Technology in International Affairs
In 1959, oceanographers and atomic energy officials met at an international conference in Monaco to discuss the scientific aspects of dumping radioactive waste into the ocean. The result was a broad consensus among oceanographers that there was not enough scientific knowledge of the oceans to merit large-scale dumping. Because nuclear nations already had been dumping for years, the new consensus challenged existing practices. This paper focuses on the conflicts between oceanographers and the atomic energy establishments of the United States, Britain, and France. It reveals the perception, shared by atomic energy officials in all three countries, that oceanographers manipulated public and international opinion to seize authority, influence, and potential patronage for research on oceanography. While historians often debate the consequences of government (usually military) funding on scientists' agendas and practices, few address the impacts that international consensus and scientists' patronage strategies have had upon the policies and status of patrons. This paper reveals a siege mentality within governments and shows the birth of international collaboration between atomic energy establishments as a means of combating the negative publicity caused, in their view, by oceanographers seeking influence and financial support. The international debates about radioactive waste disposal, seen as a contest for scientific authority, highlight the reciprocal influences of patronage practices during the cold war era.
...MoreArticle Krige, John; Barth, Kai-Henrik (2006) Introduction: Science, Technology, and International Affairs. Osiris: A Research Journal Devoted to the History of Science and Its Cultural Influences (p. 1).
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