Johns, Chris (Author)
History and Philosophy of Logic
Volume: 35, no. 4
Issue: 4
Pages: 369-376
Publication date: 2014
Language: English
Edition Details: Part of a Series: “The Square of Opposition”
Seventeenth century philosopher Gottfried Leibniz's contributions to metaphysics, mathematics, and logic are well known. Lesser known is his `invention' of deontic logic, and that his invention derives from the alethic logic of the Aristotelian square of opposition. In this paper, I show how Leibniz developed this `logic of duties', which designates actions as `possible, necessary, impossible, and omissible' for a `vir bonus' (good person). I show that for Leibniz, deontic logic can determine whether a given action, e.g. as permitted, is therefore obligatory or prohibited (impossible). Secondly, since the deontic modes are derived from what is possible, necessary, etc., for a good person to do, and that `right and obligation' are the `moral qualities' of a good person, we can see how Leibniz derives deontic logic from these moral qualities. Finally, I show how Leibniz grounds a central deontic concept, namely obligation, in the human capacity for freedom.
...MoreArticle Beziau, Jean-Yves; Read, Stephen (2014) Square of Opposition: A Diagram and a Theory in Historical Perspective. History and Philosophy of Logic (pp. 315-316).
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