This chapter focuses on constructional, social, functional and regional aspects of Roman urban houses (domus, apartments in insulae) and country houses (villae). Building manuals, especially Vitruvius’ Ten Books on Architecture are discussed, followed by remarks on design and construction (materials and techniques). Emphasis on elite dwellings is inevitable, due to the extant material and literary sources. It becomes clear, however, that “the standard Roman atrium house” never existed and is to a large extent to be regarded as a modern construct.
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