Anti-evolutionists have long weaponized any and every example they could find to damage the credibility of evolutionary science, but “frauds” have often provided the most direct routes toward delegitimizing experts. “Piltdown Man”—a mash-up of human skull and orangutan jaw—is possibly the most famous example and has been used to harass evolutionary biologists for a century. But charges of “fraud” have been applied liberally since Charles Darwin’s day.In Haeckel’s Embryos: Images, Evolution, and Fraud, Nick Hopwood tells the story behind one such “fraudulent” set of images—the most (in)famous in the history of biology, if not the whole of science. These are the very widely used illustrations of embryos pulled from the middle of German physiologist Ernst Haeckel’s 1874 edition of Anthropogenie. Haeckel’s illustrations show a (top to bottom) “very early” to “somewhat later” to “later still” phase progression of embryos belonging to eight different organisms, arranged in columns (left to right): fish, salamander, turtle, chicken, pig, cow, rabbit, and human. Haeckel intended these illustrations to do precisely what we might assume: to demonstrate the relatedness of humans to other vertebrates. The difference between Haeckel and his peers is that he employed embryos rather than fossil evidence to illustrate the close relationship. But as with Piltdown Man, anti-evolutionists repeatedly trot out Haeckel’s embryos to discredit all experts in evolutionary biology.