There were three stages in the production of olive oil and wine, first olives were crushed mechanically and grapes were trodden underfoot. The second stage in both processes was pressing, often using similar equipment. In the third stage wine was fermented and olive oil was separated from the watery lees. The Rotary Olive Crusher originated in the eastern Mediterranean and the Horizontal Olive Crusher in the west. In the drier parts of the Mediterranean, after the treading of the grapes, the must was collected in large vats and in the regions where there is rain in the summer in ceramic vessels The simplest method of pressing was laying of stones, lever presses appear three thousand years ago and screw presses two thousand years ago – there were Lever and Weights Presses, Lever and Drum Presses, Lever and Screw presses, Single Fixed Screw Wine Presses, and Direct Pressure Screw Presses but all evince much regional diversity.
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